Quarter-inch graph paper, US Letter
Quarter-inch squares on Letter — the ruling most American maths classrooms use, and the one most homework asks for.
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Why quarter inch became the default
A quarter inch is large enough to write a digit inside and small enough to fit a useful number of squares on a page: 34 across and 44 down with standard margins. Eighth-inch is the engineering standard and too tight for handwriting; half-inch is for early elementary work where children are still forming large numbers.
Heavier lines every four squares
Turn on the major-line option and set it to 4, and every heavier line falls exactly one inch apart. That gives you an inch scale you can read at a glance without counting, which matters when you are drawing to scale. Set it to 5 instead if you are working in decimal rather than fractional units.
Checking your printer actually printed quarter inch
Download the calibration page, print it, and measure the 6-inch rule with a real ruler. If it comes up short, your printer scaled the page. Divide 6 by what you measured, multiply by 100, and reprint at that scale percentage. This matters here more than on most papers, because the whole point of quarter-inch squares is that they are a quarter inch.
Printing it accurately
This only measures correctly if your printer doesn't rescale the page. In the print dialog set Scale: 100% — not "Fit to page" or "Shrink oversized pages". If you're not sure it worked, print the calibration page, measure the ruler on it with a real ruler, and it will tell you exactly what your printer is doing to the page.